Posted by
crosspatch on Monday, July 24, 2006 2:54:28 AM
The following is my speculation on events in Lebanon (UPDATES at the end):
To understand what seems to be happening in Lebanon, and particularly in Southern Lebanon, one must understand that Hezbollah has been there for years building fortifications, fighting positions, bunkers and storage caches. Israel's first priority at the moment must be to stop the incoming rockets but doing this isn't a simple task. A rocket can be taken from storage, moved to the other side of the village and fired from a launcher hidden under a tree or in a garage. The launcher can then be moved to a different location. Israel can calculate the origin of the rocket by observing the flight path and bomb that location but they have no way to determine from the launch location where additional launchers or missiles might be stored. They must go in on the ground and search in order to locate and destroy the stockpiles and launchers.
Israel has no desire to be drawn into a full scale offensive in Lebanon that leaves it with the task of taking and holding large areas of hostile territory. This sets Israel up to be an army of targets and casualties would be high over time. Also, any occupation by Israel would tend to reinforce Hezbollah sympathies in Lebanon. When Israel reacted to the Hezbollah kidnapping with a very strong series of air strikes, Hezbollah probably decided to attempt to draw Israel into a protracted ground campaign. I will call this Hezbollah strategy Operation Quicksand. Hezbollah seems to have adopted two tactics to support this strategy. First, they stepped up missile attacks into Israel which they know would force the IDF to respond. At the same time they took measures to intentionally cause considerable civilian casualties in order to influence world opinion against Israel. What they hoped to achieve is a massive Israeli incursion associated with massive civilian and IDF casualties so the harder Israel struggles against the well positioned and well trained Hezbollah fighters, the deeper world and Israeli domestic opinion engulfs them and finally forces Israel to stop before they reach their first objective of stopping the missiles. In this scenario a negotiated settlement is finally reached, Israel withdraws and Hezbollah comes out a clear winner as they can claim to have successfully defended against an Israeli attack while continuing her ability to strike Israel with missiles through the entire ordeal.
It is becoming apparent that Israel isn't going to be drawn into this game and has a strategy of their own. I would call this strategy Operation Stolen Thunder. There would be several tactics that make this strategy up but the primary goal would be to stop Hezbollah missiles without having to permanently hold large areas of ground or take unacceptable casualties or inflame world opinion more than it already is. The first step is to clear as many civilians as possible from the areas where the missiles are coming from. This is done by both direct contact via telephone and indirect contact through leaflets and radio messages while at the same time giving wide public exposure to the fact the Hezbollah is preventing people leaving the areas. Hezbollah is very sensitive to PR and can not afford to lose world opinion or see that opinion sway to the Israeli side. That opinion and the management of it is key to Hezbollah's plan. Making Hezbollah's actions widely known causes the first Hezbollah defeat as they are finally forced to allow the civilians to exit the areas of interest. The result is that the only people moving around in these areas are likely to be Hezbollah.
Once the civilians are cleared, two more tactics can come into play. First, as soon as a missile is fired, its launcher can be targeted for attack with less chance of civilian casualties. Over time the available number of launchers will be reduced but Israel doesn't have that much time. The second tactic is to send in a ground force to "clear" the area. The goal here is to locate weapons, ammunition, bunkers, and tunnels and then destroy them. Once a town has been "cleared" the forces can pull back inside Israel or to one of a few small strategic staging locations that might be taken and held inside Lebanon. This leaves no Israeli soldiers in the towns to be targets of Hezbollah, in effect leaving Hezbollah with nobody to shoot back at. At the same time it has eliminated a number of missiles. Air assets can now monitor the "cleared" area and respond immediately to any attempted re-infiltration by Hezbollah. While air assets might not be able to locate and destroy underground weapons storage, they can be very effective at preventing anyone into an area once it has been "cleared" by ground forces.
So the plan would initially look like some selected raids to establish some strategic basing locations from which further operations can fan out and "clear" various areas what have been sources of missiles and eliminate them. Israeli forces then withdraw to be used to clear other areas or respond to new areas which might originate missile attacks. At the same time, areas having been cleared are placed under close air surveillance and any attempts to re-infiltrate or resupply the area are intercepted and eliminated. Over a fairly short period of time the result is fewer attacks and those that are launched are being launched from further away from the boarder and so have less "reach" into Israel.
This scenario would be very frustrating to Hezbollah's plan. Once the civilian areas are cleared, the rate of civilian casualties would begin a rapid decline at the same time Hezbollah's missile attacks become fewer and less effective. Hezbollah would find it extremely difficult to engage Israeli forces to inflict any significant casualties. The great reduction in civilian casualties (Which we are already seeing. After rapidly reaching 300, the rate of growth has been significantly less.) will result in a little breathing room for Israel to continue operations. The waning Hezbollah rocket stream will give the impression that Israel is being effective in reducing the threat. The lower rate of IDF casualties gives Israel some breathing room with domestic opinion. The general impression at this point would be that Hezbollah is losing and it is simply a matter of time before the threat is reduced completely. Israel would have effectively achieved her objective of moving Hezbollah North of the Litani because Hezbollah would not be capable of operating to the South without being instantly hammered by Israeli air.
Hezbollah is then faced with a grave choice. They can go to the negotiation table or they can escalate. If they escalate by bringing longer range missiles into the battle, this scenario as at an end. If they choose negotiations, foreign troops are placed South of the Litani, Israel withdraws, Hezbollah stops firing missiles and some agreement is reached concerning the two kidnapped soldiers and Israel would have achieved her objectives with minimal loss. At the same time Hezbollah would come out in a much weaker position after this is done that it was before things started. That is an acceptable outcome as no group should profit from kidnap and murder.
UPDATE 18:35PDT July 24: Two important confirmations of what I believe Israel is doing. First of all, Israel does appear to be directly targeting the towns. In fact, as I write this there is a fierce battle for Bint Jbail. This is significant because it is probably the keystone of Hezbollah support in Southern Lebanon. Of all the towns in the South near the Israeli border, this one would be the toughest to take. It seems as if the IDF has decided to crack the hardest nuts first. An Israeli analyst said the IDF would clear the town and move on. If this operation stops early, Hezbollah will at the very least have lost their "capital" in the South. The IDF is apparently on a campaign to extract maximum damage to Hezbollah. Bint Jbail is expected to be under IDF control by tonite US time.
The second confirmation is actually in two parts. The first is a message from U.N. humanitarian chief Jan Egeland condemning Hezbollah for intentionally causing undue civilian casualties. He chastised Hezbollah for hiding among the civilians and this was
carried by the AP wire. The second interesting piece is a
CNN blog exposing Hezbollah's propaganda operation. This is significant because it exposes both Hezbollah's campaign to increase civilian casualties in order to effectively play the "victim" card and the mechanism being used by Hezbollah to create an image that might not be the reality. Newsbusters has
some additional background.
So we have Hezbollah losing their most important positions in Southern Lebanon at the same time that their propaganda operations are being exposed and therefore diminished. Simply shining light on Hezbollah's practice of maximizing civilian casualties and manipulating journalists is enough to diminish further impact on public opinion with either of these programs.